l-carnitine supplementation effects The Role of in Mitochondria, Prevention of Metabolic Inflexibility and Disease Initiation L-Carnitine Benefits, Uses, Dosage, Foods,

Other AD risk factors such as type 2 diabetes, obesity and dietary deficiencies could be further integrated into MAD (Armstrong and Risk, 2019), as while such risk factors alone do not cause AD they could enhance AD

doi: 10.1007/s00134-011-2293-2 213 CheeRAgahRVitaRBenvengaS

With advancing age, mitochondrial function deteriorates, characterized by increased ROS production, accumulation of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations, altered mitochondrial dynamics, a decline in the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt), and reduced respiratory chain activity (Bao et al., 2023)

Ellis, C

Among upstream regulators of ferroptosis in IBD, hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) occupy a unique position by integrating hypoxic stress, iron homeostasis, and inflammatory signaling, thereby setting the threshold at which epithelial ferroptosis is triggered